Medicine is an ever-changing science. As new research and clinical experience broaden our knowledge, changes in treatment and drug therapy are required. The authors and the publisher of this work have checked with sources believed to be reliable in their efforts to provide information that is complete and generally in accord with the standards accepted at the time of publication. However, in view of the possibility of human error or changes in medical sciences, neither the authors nor the publisher nor any other party who has been involved in the preparation or publication of this work warrants that the information contained herein is in every respect accurate or complete, and they disclaim all responsibility for any errors or omissions or for the results obtained from use of the information contained in this work. Readers are encouraged to confirm the information contained herein with other sources. For example and in particular, readers are advised to check the product information sheet included in the package of each drug they plan to administer to be certain that the information contained in this work is accurate and that changes have not been made in the recommended dose or in the contraindications for administration. This recommendation is of particular importance in connection with new or infrequently used drugs.
PART I BASIC PRINCIPLES 1
Introduction 1
Pharmacodynamics 16
Pharmacokinetics 26
Drug Metabolism 35
Pharmacogenomics 41
part II AUTONOMIC DRUGS 47
Introduction to Autonomic Pharmacology 47
Cholinoceptor-Activating & Cholinesterase-Inhibiting Drugs 60
Cholinoceptor Blockers & Choiinesterase Regenerators 69
Sympathomimetics 76
Adrenoceptor Blockers 85
part III CARDIOVASCULAR DRUGS 93
Drugs Used in Hypertension 93
Drugs Used in the Treatment of Angina Pectoris 103
Drugs Used in Heart Failure 112
Antiarrhythmic Drugs 122
Diuretics 8c Other Drugs That Act on the Kidney 134
DRUGS WITH IMPORTANT ACTIONS ON SMOOTH MUSCLE 145
Histamine, Serotonin, Drugs Used in Obesity, & the Ergot Alkaloids 145
Vasoactive Peptides 155
Prostaglandins & Other Eicosanoids 161
Nitric Oxide, Donors, 8c Inhibitors 168
Drugs Used in Asthma 8c Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 172
PART V DRUGS THAT ACT IN THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM 181
Introduction to CNS Pharmacology 181
Sedative-Hypnotic Drugs 188
Alcohols 196
Antiseizure Drugs 203
General Anesthetics 212
Local Anesthetics 220
Skeletal Muscle Relaxants 225
Drugs Used in Parkinsonism 8t Other Movement Disorders 233
Antipsychotic Agents 8c Lithium 241
Antidepressants 249
Opioid Analgesics 8c Antagonists 257
Drugs of Abuse 266
PART VI DRUGS WITH IMPORTANT ACTIONS ON BLOOD, INFLAMMATION, & GOUT 275
Agents Used in Cytopenias; Hematopoietic Growth Factors 275
Drugs Used in Coagulation Disorders 284
Agents Used in Dyslipidemia 296
NSAIDs, Acetaminophen, 8c Drugs Used in Rheumatoid Arthritis 8c Gout 304
PART VII ENDOCRINE DRUGS 315
Hypothalamic 8c Pituitary Hormones 315
Thyroid & Antithyroid Drugs 324
Adrenocorticosteroids 8c Adrenocortical Antagonists 330
Gonadal Hormones 8c Inhibitors 337
Pancreatic Hormones, Antidiabetic Drugs, & Glucagon 348
Agents That Affect Bone Mineral Homeostasis 357
PART VIII CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC DRUGS 367
Beta-Lactam Antibiotics & Other Cell Wall- 8c Membrane-Active Antibiotics 368
Tetracyclines, Macrolides, Clindamycin, Chloramphenicol, Streptogramins, 8c Oxazolidinonee 377
Aminoglycosides 8c Spectinomycin 385
Sulfonamides, Trimethoprim, 8c Fluoroquinolones 390
Antimycobacterial Drugs 397
Antifungal Agents 404
Antiviral Agents 411
Miscellaneous Antimicrobial Agents 8c Disinfectants, Antiseptics, 8c Sterilants 423
Clinical Use of Antimicrobial Agents 429
Antiprotozoal Drugs 435
Clinical Pharmacology of the Antihelminthic Drugs 444
Cancer Chemotherapy 450
Immunopharmacology 463
part IX TOXICOLOGY 477
Environmental 8c Occupational Toxicology 477
Heavy Metals 483
Management of the Poisoned Patient 489
part X SPECIAL TOPICS 497
Drugs Used in Gastrointestinal Disorders 497
Dietary Supplements 8c Herbal Medications 507
Important Drug Interactions 8c Their Mechanisms 512
Appendix I. Strategies for Improving Test Performance 519
Appendix II. Key Words for Key Drugs 522
Appendix III. Examination 1 535
Appendix IV. Examination 2 551
Index 567