Medicine is an ever-changing science. As new research and clinical experience broaden our knowledge, changes in treatment and drug therapy are required. The authors and the publisher of this work have checked with sources believed to be reliable in their efforts to provide information that is complete and generally in accord with the standards accepted at the time of publication. However, in view of the possibility of human error or changes in medical sciences, neither the authors nor the publisher nor any other party who has been involved in the preparation or publication of this work warrants that the information contained herein is in every respect accurate or complete, and they disclaim all responsibility for any errors or omissions or for the results obtained from use of the information contained in this work. Readers are encouraged to confirm the information contained herein with other sources. For example and in particular, readers are advised to check the product information sheet included in the package of each drug they plan to administer to be certain that the information contained in this work is accurate and that changes have not been made in the recommended dose or in the contraindications for administration. This recommendation is of particular importance in connection with new or infrequently used drugs.
Authors v
Preface vii
Acknowledgments ix
How to Use This Book xi
PART I BASIC BACTERIOLOGY 1
Bacteria Compared With Other Microorganisms 1
Structure of Bacterial Cells 4
Growth 15
Genetics 18
Classification of Medically Important Bacteria 24
The Human Microbiome 26
Pathogenesis 31
Host Defenses 51
Laboratory Diagnosis 59
Antibacterial Drugs: Mechanism of Action 67
Antibacterial Drugs: Resistance 84
Bacterial Vaccines 93
Sterilization 8c Disinfection 97
PART II CLINICAL BACTERIOLOGY 103
Overview of the Major Pathogens 8c Introduction to Anaerobic Bacteria 103
Gram-Positive Cocci 106
Gram-Negative Cocci 124
Gram-Positive Rods 131
Gram-Negative Rods Related to the Enteric Itact 143
Gram-Negative Rods Related to the Respiratory Tract 164
Gram-Negative Rods Related to Animal Sources (Zoonotic Organisms) 170
Mycobacteria 176
Actinomycetes 187
Mycoplasmas 190
Spirochetes 192
Chlamydiae 201
Rickettsiae 205
Minor Bacterial Pathogens 209
PART III В ASIC VIROLOG Y 215
Structure 216
Replication 222
Genetics 8c Gene Therapy 234
Classification of Medically Important Viruses 238
Pathogenesis 243
Host Defenses 251
Laboratory Diagnosis 257
Antiviral Drugs 261
Viral Vaccines 271
PART IV CLINICAL VIROLOGY 277
Herpesviruses, Poxviruses, 8c Human Papilloma Virus 279
Respiratory Viruses 298
Important Childhood Viruses & Viruses With an Animal Reservoir 311
Viruses That Infect the Enteric Tract 3 22
Hepatitis Viruses 329
Arboviruses 342
Thmor Viruses 349
Slow Viruses 8c Prions 361
Human Immunodeficiency Virus 366
Minor Viral Pathogens 378
PART V MYCOLOGY 383
Basic Mycology 383
Cutaneous 8c Subcutaneous Mycoses 390
Systemic Mycoses 394
Opportunistic Mycoses 401
PART VI PARASITOLOGY 409
Intestinal 8c Urogenital—Protozoa 411
Blood 8c Tissue Protozoa 421
Minor Protozoan Pathogens 437
Cestodes 440
Trematodes 449
Nematodes 456
PART VII IMMUNOLOGY 475
Overview of Immunity 475
Innate Immunity 482
Adaptive Immunity: Lymphocyte Antigen Receptors 494
Adaptive Immunity: T-Cell-Mediated Immunity 505
Adaptive Immunity: В Cells 8c Antibodies 518
Major Histocompatibility Complex 8c Transplantation 530
Complement 537
Antigen-Antibody Reactions in the Laboratory 541
Hypersensitivity (Allergy) 552
Tolerance 8c Autoimmune Disease 561
Tumor Immunity 571
Immunodeficiency 573
PART VIII ECTOPARASITES 581
Ectoparasites That Cause Human Disease 581
PART XIII PART IX INFECTIOUS DISEASES 589
Bone 8c Joint Infections 589
Cardiac Infections 594
Central Nervous System Infections 601
Gastrointestinal Tract Infections 609
Pelvic Infections 616
Upper Respiratory Tract Infections 624
Lower Respiratory Tract Infections 630
Skin 8c Soft Tissue Infections 636
Urinary Tract Infections 644
Sepsis 8c Septic Shock 648
PART X BRIEF SUMMARIES OF MEDICALLY IMPORTANT ORGANISMS 653
PART XI CLINICAL CASES 693
PART XII PEARLS FOR THE USMLE 703
USMLE (NATIONAL BOARD) PRACTICE QUESTIONS 711
PART XIV USMLE (NATIONAL BOARD) PRACTICE EXAMINATION 753
INDEX 763